Kugura no kugurisha kw’abakinnyi ba ruhago

Iyi nyito yo kugura no kugurisha yakoreshejwe mu bwongereza mu 1885 na FA. Aha ni nyuma yo kuba ababigize umwuga.ubundi umukinnyi yashoboraga gukina umukino 1 mu ikipe undi mu yindi. Ubu umukinnyi aba agomba buri mwaka kwiyandikisha nubwo yaba yagumye mu ikipe yari asanzwemo.

Mu 1893–94 nta kipe yari yemerewe kwakira umukinnyi nta ruhushya rw’ikipe avuyemo mu rwego rwo kurinda guhungabana kw’amakipe mato.

Hari amwe mu magambo akoreshwa muri iki gihe,ari nayo tugiye gushakira ubusobanuro.

Transfer market iri jambo rikoreshwa berekana urutonde rw’abakinnyi bari ku isoko bashobora guhinduranya amakipe ndetse n’akavagari k’amafranga kabatangwaho.

Transfer window'ni muri iri dirishya amakipe aboneraho umwanya wo kugura abakinnyi bo gusimbura abavunitse,gukomeza amakipe haba ayashaka igikombe cg ayashobora kumanuka. Iri soko ryo kugura no kugurisha ritangira umwaka wa shampiona urangiye kugeza tariki ya 31 kanama gusa ntirigomba kurenza ibyumweru 12, irindi gura-gurisha ryo riba muri mutarama haba ari hagati muri shampiona rikamara igihe cy’ibyumweru 4 gusa.

Buri gihugu gishobora kugira igihe cyo kugura no kugurisha nubwo mu kindi gihugu baba bafunze.

Iki gihe gisa nk’icyabaye mpuzamahanga cyatangijwe na FIFA mu 2002–03. Aho usanga amashampiona y’ibishyitsi ayikurikiza. Nyamara hari ibihugu bikina shampiona mu mwaka umwe,imiterere y’ikirere bituma bo badakurikiza iki gihe.

Mu bwongereza umukino wa nyuma wa shampiona niwo ufungura isoko rikuru kugeza kuya 31 kanama no kuya 1 mutarama kugeza kuya 31 mutarama.

Mu France,Germany,Italy,Spain,Scotland isoko rikuru ritangira kuya 1 nyakanga kugeza kuya 31 kanama no kuya 1 mutarama kugeza kuya 2 gashyantare.

Mu gihe ibyago biziye ikipe nk’igihe abazamu bavunitse ikipe ishobora gusinyisha undi kabone n’ubwo isoko ryaba ryarafunzwe.

Iyo itariki yo gufunga isoko ari muri w-e hongerwa amasaha 24 kuko amabanki menshi ngo aba ari mu kiruhuko cya kanama. Ubwo mu 2008 ryahuraga na w-e mu bwongereza ryarangiye kuwa 1 iya1 nzeri saa 5 za mugitondo,abadage muri mutarama 2009 barirangije kuya 2 gashyantare.

Mu bwongereza ariko gutiza biremewe hagati ya tariki 8 nzeri kugeza 25 ugushyingo no kuva 8 gashyantare kugeza kuya 24 werurwe.

Transfer list yo ni igihe ikipe itangaje ko umukinnyi runaka agurishwa maze amakipe amwifuza akaza guciririkanya,uyu mukinnyi ntakunze guhenda kuko bisa nkaho aba ajugunywe cg yirukanywe.

Transfer request aha ho umukinnyi ubwe atangaza ko nta gahunda afitanye n’ikipe ye bityo ko uwumukeneye ashobora kuzana akavagari. Uyu uba ari umwanya wo kwerekana akababaro ke bityo agasaba ko hari ibyakorwa,ibi nibyo byitwa kwigumura n’ ubunyeshyamba bya ruhago. Nyamara iyo ibibazo bikemutse ahita aruca akarumira. Amakipe menshi akunze kumwamaganira kure.

Transfer fee aka ni akavagari gatangwa ngo hagurwe contract y’umukinnyi ndetse n’ibindi byose bijyanye n’umukinnyi wabigize umwuga. Hari igihe amafr yatangajwe aba atariho  umusoro nyongeragaciro,TVA.urugero ni umwongereza Trevor Francis itangazamakuru ryavuze ko yaguzwe 1m y’amapound nyamara yatanzweho £975,000 naho ayatanzwe yose yari £1.18m hariho na TVA.

Si kamara amafr gusa kuko hari igihe hatangwa fr maze agaherekezwa n’abandi bakinnyi.inzobere mu bukungu bwa ruhago batangarira izamuka ridasanzwe ry’aya fr uko iminsi igenda iza.

Nyuma yo kumvikana hataho ibizamini by’ubuzima medical test aha niho barebera imbaraga afite n’utundi turwara yibitseho. Iki ni kimwe mu bishobora gutuma umukinnyi ahomba nk’igihe afite indwara ikakaye nk’umutima.

Hari amwe mu makipe yagiye abuzwa gushora amafr ku isoko na FIFA.

Mu 2005 AS Roma yahagaritswe umwaka itagura kuva kuya 1 nyakanga ubwo muri nzeli 2004 bari baguze Philippe Mexès avuye muri Auxerre nyamara yari agifite amasezerano. Aba baje kujurira mu rukiko rwa ruhago Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) maze igihano kirangira nyuma y’isoko ryo muri mutarama.

Mu 2009 sion yahagaritswe kugeza mu 2010 nyuma yo gusinyisha umuyamisiri Essam El-Hadary avuye Al-Ahly mu 2008 amasezerano atarangiye.

Kuya 3 nzeli 2010 Chelsea yahagaritswe yo umwaka wa 2010 nyuma yo kwibikaho umufransa Gaël Kakuta avuye muri lens mu 2007. Gusa yaje gukomorerwa n’akanama ngishwampaka ka FIFA(FIFA's dispute resolution chamber (DRC).

Buri mwaka umunsi wanyuma w’isoko uba ari urujya n’uruza kuko abakinnyi benshi baba barangiza amasezerano. Abatoza b’abahanga bumvikana rwihishwa n’abakinnyi maze isoko rigatangira amwibitseho abandi bategereza ku munsi wa nyuma kuko amakipe abatinya ko bashobora guhomba ariko bakanenga ko baba ari ibisigazwa.